mirror of https://github.com/wwarthen/RomWBW.git
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================================================================ |
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FDTST v3.1 for N8VEM DISKIO / DISKIO V3 / ZETA / DIDE / N8 |
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================================================================ |
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|
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Updated JuLY 1, 2012 |
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by Wayne Warthen (wwarthen@gmail.com) |
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|
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Application to test the hardware functionality of the Floppy Disk |
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Controller (FDC) on the ECB DISK I/O, DISK I/O V3, ZETA SBC, |
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Dual IDE w/ Floppy, or N8 board. |
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|
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The intent is to provide a testbed that allows direct testing |
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of all possible media types and modes of access. The application |
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supports read, write, and format by sector, track, and disk as |
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well as a random read/write test. |
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|
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The application supports access modes of polling, interrupt, |
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INT/WAIT, and DRQ/WAIT. At present, it supports 3.5" media at DD (720KB) and |
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HD (1.44MB) capacities. It also now supports 5.25" media (720KB and 1.2MB) |
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and 8" media (1.11MB) as well. Additonal media will be added when I have |
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time and access to required hardware. Not all modes are supported |
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on all platforms and some modes are experimental in all cases. |
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|
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In many ways this application is merely reinventing the wheel and |
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performs functionality similer to existing applications, but I have |
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not seen any other applications for DISK I/O that provide this range |
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of functionality. |
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|
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While the application is now almost entirely new code, I would like to |
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acknowledge that much was derived from the previous work of Andrew Lynch |
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and Dan Werner. I also want to credit Sergio Gimenez with testing the 5.25" |
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drive support and Jim Harre with testing the 8" drive support. Thanks! |
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|
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General Usage |
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------------- |
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In general, usage is self explanatory. The main menu allows you to set |
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the unit, media, and mode to test. These settings MUST match your |
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situation. Read, write, format, and verify functions are provided. A sub-menu |
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will allow you to choose sector, track, disk, or random tests. |
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|
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The verify function requires a little explanation. It will take the contents |
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of the buffer, save it, and compare it to the selected sectors. So, you |
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must ensure that the sectors to be verified already have been written |
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with the same pattern as the buffer contains. I typically init the buffer |
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to a pattern, write the pattern to the entire disk, then verify the entire |
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disk. |
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|
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Another submenu is provided for FDC commands. This sub-menu allows you to |
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send low-level commands directly to FDC. You MUST know what you are doing |
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to use this sub-menu. For example, in order to read a sector using this |
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sub-menu, you will need to perform specify, seek, sense int, and read |
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commands specifying correct values (nothing is value checked in this menu). |
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|
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Required Hardware/BIOS |
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---------------------- |
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|
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Of course, the starting point is one of the support hardware platforms. |
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You need to start with either an N8VEM SBC, backplane, and ECB DISK I/O |
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card or a Zeta SBC. Additionally, a floppy drive connected via an |
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appropriate cable: |
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|
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DISKIO - no twist in cable, drive unit 0/1 must be selected by jumper on drive |
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ZETA - cable with twist, unit 0 after twist, unit 1 before twist |
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DIDE/N8 - cable with twist, unit 0 before twist, unit 1 after twist |
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|
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It is preferable that the BIOS you use does not have DISK I/O support |
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enabled since the application assumes it has complete control of the |
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DISK I/O hardware. |
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The DISK I/O should be jumpered as follows: |
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J1: depends on use of interrupt modes (see interrupt modes below) |
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J2: pins 1-2, & 3-4 jumpered |
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J3: hardware dependent timing for DMA mode (see DMA modes below) |
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J4: pins 2-3 jumpered |
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J5: off |
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J6: pins 2-3 jumpered |
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J7: pins 2-3 jumpered |
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J8: off |
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J9: off |
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J10: off |
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J11: off |
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J12: off |
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|
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Note that J1 can be left on even when not using interrupt modes. As |
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long as the BIOS is OK with it, that is fine. Note also that J3 is |
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only relevant for DMA modes, but also can be left in place when |
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using other modes. |
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|
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The DISK I/O V3 should be jumpered at the default settings: |
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|
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JP2: 3-4 |
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JP3: 1-2 for int mode support, otherwise no jumper |
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JP4: 1-2, 3-4 |
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JP5: 1-2 |
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JP6: 1-2 |
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JP7: 1-2, 3-4 |
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|
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Zeta does not have any relevant jumper settings. |
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DIDE should be jumpered as follows: |
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K3 (DT/R or /RD): /RD |
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P5 (bd ID): 1-2, 3-4 (for $20-$3F port range) |
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There are no specific N8 jumper settings, but the default |
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I/O range starting at $80 is assumed in the published code. |
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|
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Modes of Operation |
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------------------ |
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|
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You can select the following test modes. Please refer to the chart |
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that follows to determine which modes should work with combinations |
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of Z80 CPU speed and media format. |
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Polling: Traditional polled input/output. Works well and very reliable |
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including timeouts and good error recovery. Also, the slowest performance |
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which precludes it from being used with 1.44MB floppy on a 4MHz Z80. |
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This is definitely the mode you want to get working before any others. |
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It does not require J1 (interrupt enable) on DISK I/O and does not care about |
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the setting of J3. |
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|
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Interrupt: Input/output is interrupt driven. Works pretty well, but |
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is not able to recover from some errors. For example, if there is |
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no disk in the drive, this mode will just hang until a disk is inserted. |
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This mode REQUIRES that interrupts be enabled on the DISK I/O via |
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jumper at J1. On Zeta it requires the INT/NMI jumper be set for |
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INT. Mode not supported on DIDE or N8. Some BIOS variants will not |
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handle interrupts during boot. |
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Fast Interrupt: As above, but sacrifices additional reliability for |
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faster operation. This mode will allow a 1.44MB floppy to work |
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with a 4MHz Z80 CPU. However, if any errors occur (even a transient |
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read error which is not unusual), this mode will hang. As above |
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you MUST have the appropriate jumpers for DISKIO and Zeta. DIDE |
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does not support this mode. |
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INT/WAIT: Same as Fast Interrupt, but uses CPU wait instead of |
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actual interrupt. Subject to all the same issues as Fast |
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Interrupt, but does not need J1 shorted. J3 is irrelevant. |
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This mode is available on only on DISKIO (and not DISKIO V3). |
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DRQ/WAIT: Uses pseudo DMA to handle input/output. Does not require that |
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interrupts (J1) be enabled on the DISK I/O. However, it is subject to |
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all of the same reliability issues as "Fast Interrupt". This |
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mode is known to not work on N8VEM DISKIO!!! It is included |
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for testing only. It is dependent on setting of J3. This |
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mode is NOT available on Zeta, DIDE, N8, or DISKIO V3. |
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The chart below attempts to describe the combinations that |
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work for me. By far, the most reliable mode is Polling, |
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but it requires 8MHz CPU for HD disks. |
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DRQ/WAIT --------------------------------+ |
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INT/WAIT -----------------------------+ | |
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Fast Interrupt --------------------+ | | |
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Interrupt ----------------------+ | | | |
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Polling ---------------------+ | | | | |
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| | | | | |
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CPU Speed --------------+ | | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
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3.5" DD (720K) ------ 4MHz Y Y Y Y X |
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8MHz+ Y Y Y Y X |
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3.5" HD (1.44M) ----- 4MHz N N Y Y X |
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8MHz+ Y Y Y Y X |
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5.25" DD (360K) ----- 4MHz Y Y Y Y X |
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8MHz+ Y Y Y Y X |
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5.25" HD (1.2M) ----- 4MHz N N Y Y X |
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8MHz+ Y Y Y Y X |
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8" DD (1.11M) ------- 4MHz N N Y Y X |
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8MHz+ Y Y Y Y X |
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Y = Yes, works |
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N = No, does not work |
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X = Experimental, probably won't work |
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Tracing |
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------- |
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Command/result activity to/from the FDC will be written out |
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if the trace setting is changed from '00' to '01' in setup. |
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Additionally, if a command failure is detected on any |
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command, that specific comand and results are written |
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regardless of the trace setting. |
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The format of the line written is: |
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<OPERATION>: <COMMAND BYTES> --> <RESULT BYTES> [<RESULT>] |
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For example, this is the output of a normal read operation: |
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READ: 46 01 00 00 01 02 09 1B FF --> 01 00 00 00 00 02 02 [OK] |
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Please refer to the i8272 data sheet for information on the |
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command and result bytes. |
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Note that the sense interrupt command can return a non-OK |
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result. This is completely normal in some cases. It is |
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necessary to "poll" the drive for seek status using |
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sense interrupt. If there is nothing to report, then |
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the result will be INVALID COMMAND. Additionally, |
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during a recalibrate operation, it may be necessary to |
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issue the command twice because the command will only step |
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the drive 77 times looking for track 0, but the head may be |
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up to 80 tracks away. In this case, the first recalibrate |
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fails, but the second should succeed. Here is what this |
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would look like if trace is turned on: |
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RECALIBRATE: 07 01 --> <EMPTY> [OK] |
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SENSE INTERRUPT: 08 --> 80 [INVALID COMMAND] |
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... |
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... |
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... |
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SENSE INTERRUPT: 08 --> 80 [INVALID COMMAND] |
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SENSE INTERRUPT: 08 --> 71 00 [ABNORMAL TERMINATION] |
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RECALIBRATE: 07 01 --> <EMPTY> [OK] |
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SENSE INTERRUPT: 08 --> 21 00 [OK] |
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Another example is when the FDC has just been reset. In |
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this case, you will see up to 4 disk change errors. Again |
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these are not a real problem and to be expected. |
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When tracing is turned off, the application tries to be |
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intelligent about error reporting. The specific errors |
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from sense interrupt documented above will be suppressed |
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because they are not a real problem. All other |
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errors will be displayed. |
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Error Handling |
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-------------- |
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There is no automated error retry logic. This is very |
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intentional since the point is to expose the controller |
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and drive activity. Any error detected will result in |
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a prompt to abort, retry, or continue. Note that some |
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number of errors is considered normal for this |
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technology. An occasional error would not necessarily |
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be considered a problem. |
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CPU Speed |
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--------- |
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I distribute the binary version of the application optimized for |
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20MHz CPUs. There is a configuration variable called CPUFREQ |
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at the top of the source file. Ideally, you should build |
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with that set appropriately. However, I have found that the |
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default build setting of 20MHz seems to work for 4-20MHz CPUs. |
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Interleave |
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---------- |
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The format command now allows the specification of a sector |
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interleave. It is almost always the case that the optimal |
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interleave will be 2 (meaning 2:1). |
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360K Media |
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---------- |
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The 360K media definition should work well for true 360K |
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drives. However, it will generally not work |
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with 1.2M drives. This is because these drives spin at 360RPM |
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instead of the 300RPM speed of true 360K drives. Additionally, |
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1.2M drives are 80 tracks and 360K drives are 40 tracks and, so |
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far, there is no mechanism in FDTST to "double step" as a way |
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to use 40 track media in 80 track drives. |
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With this said, it is possible to configure some 1.2M 5.25" drives |
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to automatically spin down to 300RPM based on a density select |
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signal (DENSEL). This signal is asserted by FDTST for 360K |
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media, so IF you have configured your drive to react to this |
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signal correctly, you will be able to use the 360K media defintion. |
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Most 1.2M 5.25" drives are NOT configured this way by default. |
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TEAC drives are generally easy to modify and have been tested by |
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the author and do work in this manner. Note that this does not |
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address the issue of double stepping above; you will just be |
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using the first 40 of 80 tracks. |
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Support |
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------- |
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I am happy to answer questions as fast and well as I am able. |
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Best contact is wwarthen@gmail.com or post something on the |
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N8VEM Google Group https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/n8vem. |
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Changes |
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------- |
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WW 8/12/2011 |
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Removed call to pulse TC in the FDC initialization |
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after determining that it periodically caused the FDC to write |
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bad sectors. I am mystified by this, but definitely found it |
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to be true. Will revisit at some point -- probably a timing |
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issue between puslsing TC and whatever happens next. |
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Non-DMA mode was being set incorrectly for FAST-DMA mode. |
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It was set for non-DMA even though we were doing DMA. It is |
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interesting that it worked fine anyway. Fixed it anyway. |
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DIO_SETMEDIA was not clearing DCD_DSKRDY as it should. Fixed. |
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WW 8/26/2011: v1.1 |
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Added support for Zeta. Note that INT/WAIT and DRQ/WAIT are |
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not available on Zeta. Note that Zeta provides the ability |
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to perform a reset of the FDC independent of a full CPU |
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reset. This is VERY useful and the FDC is reset anytime |
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a drive reset is required. |
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Added INT/WAIT support. |
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WW 8/28/2011: V1.2 |
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All changes in this version are Zeta specific. Fixed FDC reset |
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logic and motor status display for Zeta (code from Sergey). |
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Modified Zeta disk change display to include it in the |
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command output line. This makes more sense because a command |
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must be issued to select the desired drive first. You can |
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use the SENSE INT command id you want to check the disk |
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change value at any time. It will also be displayed with |
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any other command output display. |
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WW 9/1/2011: V1.3 |
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Added CPUFREQ configuration setting to tune |
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delays based on cpu speed. The build app |
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is set for 8MHz which also seems to work well |
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for 4MHz CPU's. Faster CPU speeds will |
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probably require tuning this setting. |
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WW 9/5/2011: V1.4 |
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Changed the polling execution routines to utilize CPUFREQ |
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variable to optimize timeout counter. Most importantly, |
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this should allow the use of faster CPUs (like 20MHz). |
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WW 9/19/2011: V1.5 |
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Zeta changes only. Added a call to FDC RESET after any |
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command failure. This solves an issue where the drive |
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remains selected if a command error occurs. Also |
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added FDC RESET to FDC CONTROL menu. |
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|
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WW 10/7/2011: V2.0 |
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Added support for DIDE. Only supports polling IO and it |
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does not appear any other modes are possible given the |
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hardware constraints. |
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WW 10/13/2011: V2.1 |
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Modified to support N8. N8 is essentially identical to |
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Dual IDE. The only real change is the IO addresses. In |
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theory, I should be able to support true DMA on N8 and |
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will work on that. |
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WW 10/20/2011: v2.2 |
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I had some problems with the results being read were |
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sometimes missing a byte. Fixed this by taking a more |
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strict approach to watching the MSR for the exact |
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bits that are expected. |
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WW 10/22/2011: V2.3 |
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After spending a few days trying to track down an |
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intermittent data corruption issue with my Dual IDE |
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board, I added a verify function. This helped |
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me isolate the problem very nicely (turned out to |
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be interference from the bus monitor). |
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|
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WW 11/25/2011: V2.4 |
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Preliminary support for DISKIO V3. Basically just |
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assumed that it operates just like the Zeta. Needs |
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to be verified with real hardware as soon as I can. |
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WW 1/9/2012: V2.5 |
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Modified program termination to use CP/M reset |
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call so that a warm start is done and all |
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drives are logged out. This is important |
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because media may have been formatted during |
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the program execution. |
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|
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WW 2/6/2012: v2.6 |
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Added support for 5.25" drives as tested by |
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Sergio. |
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WW 4/5/2012: v2.7 |
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Added support for 8" drives as tested by |
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Jim Harre. |
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|
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WW 4/6/2012: v2.7a |
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|
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Fixed issue with media selection menu to remove |
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duplicate entries. |
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WW 4/8/2012: v2.7b |
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|
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Corrected the handling of the density select |
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signal. |
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|
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WW 5/22/2012: v2.8 |
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|
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Added new media definitions (5.25", 320K) |
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WW 6/1/2012: v2.9 |
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Added interleave capability on format |
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WW 6/5/2012: v3.0 |
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Documentation cleanup |
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WW 7/1/2012: v3.1 |
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|
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Modified head load time (HLT) for 8" media based on |
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YD-180 spec. Now set to 50ms. |
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