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Documentation Updates
- Minor improvements to hard disk documentation in System Guide.
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@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ execution.
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{ width=100% }
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## Bank Id
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RomWBW utilizes a specific assignment of memory banks for dedicated
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@@ -262,6 +263,89 @@ Common Bank:
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It is a fixed mapping that is never changed in normal RomWBW operation
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hence the name "Common".
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# Disk Layout
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RomWBW supports and automatically detects 2 different disk layouts
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known as Modern (hd1k) and Classic (hd512). Specifics of these two
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variants are described in separate sections below.
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RomWBW supports up to 256 CP/M slices (0-255). Under hd512, the slices
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begin at the start of the hard disk. Under hd1k, the slices reside
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within partition type 0x2E.
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RomWBW accesses all hard disks using Logical Block Addressing (pure
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sector offset). When necessary, RomWBW simulates the following disk
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geometry for operating systems:
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- Sector = 512 Bytes
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- Track = 16 Sectors (8KB per Track)
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- Cylinder = 16 Tracks (256 Sectors per Cylinder, 128KB per Cylinder)
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If one is used, the FAT Partition must not overlap the CP/M slices.
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In the case of hd1k, the CP/M slices are within partition 0x2E and the
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FAT partition must not start after the last CP/M slice, but does not need to start immediately after it nor does it need to extend to the end of the hard disk.
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Drive letters in CP/M are ASSIGNed to the numbered slices as desired.
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At boot, RomWBW automatically assigns up to 8 slices to drive letters
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starting with the first available drive letter (typically C:).
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Microsoft Windows will assign a single drive letter to the FAT partition
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when the CF/SD Card is inserted. The drive letter assigned has no
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relationship to the CP/M drive letters assigned to CP/M slices.
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In general, Windows, MacOS, or Linux know nothing about the CP/M slices
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and CP/M knows nothing about the FAT partition. However, the FAT
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application can be run under CP/M to access the FAT partition
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programmatically.
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A CP/M slice is (re)initialized using the CP/M command CLRDIR. A CP/M
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slice can be made bootable by copying system image to the System Area
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using SYSCOPY.
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The FAT partition can be created from CP/M using the FDISK80 application.
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The FAT partition can be initialized using the FAT application from CP/M
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using the command `FAT FORMAT n:` where n is the RomWBW disk unit
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number containing the FAT partition to be formatted.
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## Modern Disk Layout (hd1k)
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The CP/M filesystem on a Modern disk will accommodate 1,024 directory
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entries.
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The CP/M slices reside entirely within a hard disk partition of type
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0x2E. The number of slices is determined by the number of slices that
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fit within the partition spaces allocated up to the maximum of 256.
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## Classic Disk Layout (hd512)
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The CP/M filesystem on a Classic disk will accommodate 512 directory
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entries.
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The CP/M slices reside on the hard disk starting at the first sector
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of the hard disk. The number of CP/M slices is not explicitly recorded
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anywhere on the hard disk. It is up to the system user to know how
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many slices are being used based on the size of the hard disk media
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and/or the start of a FAT partition.
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A partition table may exist within the first sector of the first
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slice. For Classic disks, the partition table defines only the
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location and size of the FAT partition. The Partition Table does
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not control the location or number of CP/M slices in any way.
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The Partition Table resides in a sector that is shared with the System
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Area of CP/M Slice 0. However, the RomWBW implementation of CP/M takes
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steps to avoid changing or corrupting the Partition Table area.
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The FAT partition can be created from CP/M using the FDISK80
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application. The user is responsible for ensuring that the start of the
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FAT partition does not overlap with the area they intend to use for
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CP/M slices. FDISK80 has a Reserve option to assist with this.
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# System Boot Process
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A multi-phase boot strategy is employed. This is necessary because at
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