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TITLE "B/P Bios System Loader"
;************************************************************************
;* L D S Y S *
;* Load a B/P Bios based system into RAM memory for direct execution *
;* by Harold F. Bower and Cameron W. Cotrill *
;*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
;* Disassembly: jxl Dec 2024 *
;* public release 1.0 Apr 2025 *
;* see remarks at the end *
;*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
;* LINK with Version 4 libraries: VLIB, Z3LIB, SYSLIB *
;* *
;* A>Z80ASM LDSYS/RS *
;* A>SLRNK LDSYS/N,/A:100,/D:0CF8,LDSYS,VLIBS/S,Z3LIBS/S,SYSLIBS/S,/E *
;************************************************************************
VER EQU 12
REV EQU ' '
DATE MACRO
DEFB '17 Jul 96'
ENDM
BEL EQU 07H ; Bell character
LF EQU 0AH ; Line Feed character
CR EQU 0DH ; Carriage Return character
CPMBDOS EQU 5 ; CP/M BDOS entry point (JP)
CPMFCB EQU 5CH ; CP/M standard FCB #1 (+1 filename, +9 filetype)
CPMDMA EQU 80H ; CP/M standard DMA buffer
; From VLIB Get..
EXTRN VPRINT, Z3VINIT
; From Z3LIB Get..
EXTRN GETNAME, PRTNAME, ZFNAME, Z3LOG, WHRENV
EXTRN GZMTOP ; ##### not used, but linked
; From SYSLIB Get..
EXTRN PUTUD, GETUD, F$OPEN, F$READ, SETDMA, PFN3, PHL4HC, COUT, CODEND
EXTRN F$CLOSE, CRLF ; ##### not used, but linked
;::::: PROGRAM START
ORG 100H
CSEG
LDSYS: JP START ; bypass header
DEFB 'Z3ENV' ; this is a ZCPR3 utility
DEFB 1 ; show external environment
ENVADR: DEFW 0 ; addr of Z3 environment
DEFW LDSYS ; type 4 filler
DEFB 'LDSYS ',0 ; configuration name
FTYPE: DEFB 'IMG' ; standard file type
START: LD (STACK),SP
LD SP,STACK
CALL PUTUD ; currently logged drive/user
LD HL,(CPMBDOS+1)
CALL WHRENV ; find Z3 Environment Descriptor
PUSH AF
LD (ENVADR),HL ; store ENV addr
CALL Z3VINIT ; ..and init for Z3LIB routines
CALL GETNAME ; get actual program name
CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,1,'B/P Bios System Loader',2,' Vers ',VER/10+'0','.'
DEFB VER MOD 10 + '0',REV,' '
DATE
DEFB CR,LF,' Copyright (C) 1991,3 by H.F.Bower & C.W.Cotrill',CR,LF
DEFB 0
; get first token from command line (in FCB #1)
LD A,(CPMFCB+1)
CP '/' ; is this a help request ?
JP Z,HELP ; ..if so, jump display help screen
POP AF
JR Z,E$NOFIL ; else, jump error no file specified
LD HL,(ENVADR) ; get addr Z3ENV
LD DE,70 ; offset to high byte BIOS addr
ADD HL,DE ; move ptr
LD H,(HL) ; get high byte of B/P Bios page addr
LD L,30*3 ; ..and set low byte to fn #30
LD A,(HL) ; check byte at ptr location
CP 0C3H ; is it opcode 0xC3 (JP) ?
JR NZ,E$NOFIL ; ..if not, jump error and exit
CALL JUMPHL ; else, "call" B/P Bios fn #30 (RETBIO)
LD HL,-6 ; move ptr 6 bytes backward
ADD HL,DE ; (signature string)
LD A,(HL) ; get byte
CP 'B' ; is it 'B' ?
JR NZ,E$NOFIL ; ..if not, jump error and exit
INC HL ; ptr fwd
LD A,(HL) ; get byte
CP '/' ; is it '/' ?
JR NZ,E$NOFIL ; ..if not, jump error and exit
INC HL ; ptr fwd
LD A,(HL) ; get byte
CP 'P' ; is it 'P' ?
JR NZ,E$NOFIL ; ..if not, jump error and exit
LD DE,6 ; else, set ptr to OPTF1 (Bios Option Flags)
ADD HL,DE ; at CONFIG+2
BIT 7,(HL) ; check bit 7 (0= not locked, 1= locked, can't reload)
JR Z,E$NOFIL ; ..if not set, skip over
E$RUNBP: CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,BEL,'*** Running Bios Cannot be Replaced ! ***',CR,LF
DEFB 0
JP EXIT
E$NOFIL: LD A,(CPMFCB+1)
CP ' '
JR NZ,EVALCMD
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' *** No file specified ! ***',CR,LF,BEL
DEFB 0
;::::: EXIT PROGRAM
EXIT: CALL GETUD ; set previous drive/user
LD SP,(STACK) ; set stack to initial location
RET ; ..and return to system
;::::: EVALUATE COMMAND LINE
EVALCMD: LD DE,CPMFCB
LD HL,CPMDMA+1 ; set ptr to start of string
ECMD1: LD A,(HL) ; get char
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
CP ' ' ; is it <SP> ?
JR Z,ECMD1 ; ..if so, loop get next char
DEC HL ; non-blank char found, move ptr back
XOR A ; and nullify A
CALL ZFNAME ; parse token into FCB
JP NZ,E$AMBIG ; filename must be unambiguous, jump if error
LD HL,9 ; move ptr to file type
ADD HL,DE
LD A,(HL) ; get char
CP ' ' ; is it <SP> ?
JR NZ,RDIMG ; ..if not, skip over
PUSH DE ; else, save regs
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
LD HL,FTYPE ; ptr to standard file type
LD BC,3 ; 3 chars
LDIR ; ... and copy
POP DE ; restore ptr to ZCPR3 FCB
;::::: READ IMAGE FILE
RDIMG: CALL Z3LOG ; log in drive/user
CALL F$OPEN ; attempt to open file
OR A
JP NZ,E$OPEN ; ..if error, jump error and exit
CALL CODEND ; get first available page after code end
LD (WSPCBEG),HL ; ..and store it
RDIMG0: PUSH HL
CALL SETDMA ; set DMA buffer addr (HL)
LD DE,CPMFCB ; set standard FCB #1
CALL F$READ ; read one sector (128 bytes)
POP HL ; restore start addr
JR NZ,RDIMG1 ; ..if end of file, jump exit loop
LD DE,128 ; else, move buffer addr forward
ADD HL,DE
JR RDIMG0 ; ..and loop
RDIMG1: CALL GETUD ; set previously logged drive/user
CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,' CCP starts at : '
DEFB 0
;::::: READ IMAGE HEADER
; header contains information at following offsets:
; ZCPR CCP 0x10 (16) filename
; 0x1B (27) Unbanked base addr, 0x1D (29) Unbanked size
; 0x1F (31) Banked base addr, 0x22 (33) Banked size
; ZSDOS 0x30 (48) filename
; 0x3B (59) Unbanked base addr, 0x3D (61) Unbanked size
; 0x3F (63) Banked base addr, 0x41 (65) Banked size
; B/P Bios 0x50 (80) filename
; 0x5B (91) Unbanked base addr, 0x5D (93) Unbanked size
; 0x5F (95) Banked base addr, 0x62 (98) Banked size
; 0x70 (112) IMG filename
RDHDR: LD DE,27 ; offset CCP Unbanked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size of segment
LD DE,33 ; offset CCP Banked size
CALL GBYTEWS ; check if empty (0x0000)
JR Z,RDHDR0 ; ..if so, skip over
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' Banked Ccp at : '
DEFB 0
LD DE,31 ; offset to CCP Banked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size
RDHDR0: CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' DOS starts at : '
DEFB 0
LD DE,59 ; offset to DOS Unbanked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size of segment
LD DE,65 ; offset to DOS Banked size
CALL GBYTEWS ; check if empty (0x0000)
JR Z,RDHDR1 ; ..if so, skip over
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' Banked Dos at : '
DEFB 0
LD DE,63 ; offset to DOS Banked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size
RDHDR1: CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' BIOS starts at : '
DEFB 0
LD DE,91 ; offset to B/P Bios Unbanked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size of segment
LD DE,97 ; offset to B/P Bios Banked size
CALL GBYTEWS ; check if empty (0x0000)
JR Z,LDSEG ; ..if so, skip over
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' Banked Bios at : '
DEFB 0
LD DE,95 ; offset to B/P Bios Banked base addr
CALL PSEGAS ; display addr and size
;::::: LOAD SYSTEM SEGMENTS
LDSEG: CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,' ...installing '
DEFB 0
CALL CHKBNKD ; check options flag if banked system
JR Z,LDSEG0 ; ..if not, skip over
CALL VPRINT
DEFB 'Banked '
DEFB 0
LDSEG0: CALL VPRINT
DEFB 'System',CR,LF,LF
DEFB 0
LDSEG1: DI ; disable interrupts
LD HL,(WSPCBEG) ; get addr WSPC area
LD DE,100H ; + 100H to account for file base
ADD HL,DE
; ZCPR Unbanked portion
LD (CCPUSTRT),HL ; store start in WSPC area
LD DE,27 ; file offset to ZCPR Unbanked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS
LD (CCPUSIZ),BC ; store size
LD (CCPUADR),DE ; store base addr
LD HL,(CCPUSTRT) ; get start in WSPC
PUSH HL
ADD HL,BC ; calc end / start of ZSDOS Unbanked portion
LD (DOSUSTRT),HL ; ..and store it
POP HL ; restore start
LDIR ; copy ZCPR Unbanked
; from img file to target addr
; ZCPR Banked portion
LD DE,31 ; offset to ZCPR Banked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS
LD (CCPBSIZ),BC ; store size
LD (CCPBADR),DE ; store base addr
LD HL,(DOSUSTRT) ; get previously calc'd end
LD (CCPBSTRT),HL ; ..and store it as Banked start in WSPC
LD A,B ; check if size is zero
OR C
JR Z,LDSEG2 ; ..if so, skip over
ADD HL,BC ; else, calc new start of ZSDOS Unbanked
LD (DOSUSTRT),HL ; ..and update it
; ZSDOS Unbanked portion
LDSEG2: LD DE,59 ; offset to ZSDOS Unbanked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS ; DE= base addr, BC= size
LD (DOSUSIZ),BC ; store size
LD HL,(DOSUSTRT) ; get ZSDOS Unbanked start in WSPC area
PUSH HL
ADD HL,BC ; calc end / start of B/P Bios Unbanked portion
LD (BIOUSTRT),HL ; ..and store it
POP HL ; restore start
LDIR ; copy ZSDOS Unbanked
; from img file to target addr
; ZSDOS Banked portion
LD DE,63 ; offset to ZSDOS Banked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS
LD (DOSBSIZ),BC ; store size
LD (DOSBADR),DE ; store base addr
LD HL,(BIOUSTRT) ; get previously calc'd end
LD (DOSBSTRT),HL ; ..and store it as Banked start in WSPC
LD A,B ; check if size is zero
OR C
JR Z,LDSEG3 ; ..if so, skip over
ADD HL,BC ; else, calc new start of B/P Bios Unbanked
LD (BIOUSTRT),HL ; ..and update it
; B/P Bios Unbanked portion
LDSEG3: LD DE,91 ; offset to B/P Bios Unbanked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS
LD (BIOUSIZ),BC ; store size
LD (BIOUADR),DE ; store base addr
LD HL,(BIOUSTRT) ; get start in WSPC area
PUSH HL
ADD HL,BC ; calc end / beginning of Banked portion
LD (BIOBSTRT),HL ; ..and store it
POP HL ; restore start
LDIR ; copy B/P Bios Unbanked
; from img file to target addr
; B/P Bios Banked portion
LD DE,95 ; offset to B/P Bios Banked base addr
CALL G2WRDWS
LD (BIOBSIZ),BC ; store size
LD (BIOBADR),DE ; store base addr
; use B/P Bios functions at new location (Unbanked portion was just loaded)
LD HL,(BIOUADR) ; get (new) B/P Bios base addr
LD L,82h ; offset to TPABNK in config area
LD A,(HL) ; get value
LD L,27*3 ; offset to B/P Bios fn #27 (SELMEM)
CALL JUMPHL ; "call" fn
LD HL,CCPBSIZ ; ptr to stored ZCPR Banked size
CALL LDBNKD
LD HL,DOSBSIZ ; ptr to stored ZSDOS Banked size
CALL LDBNKD
LD HL,BIOBSIZ ; ptr to stored B/P Bios Banked size
CALL LDBNKD
; Z3ENV Descriptor
LD BC,(WSPCBEG) ; get (new) B/P Bios base addr
LD HL,155 ; offset to addr of Z3 Environment Descriptor
ADD HL,BC ; in B/P Bios config area (CONFIG+26)
LD E,(HL) ; get addr in DE
INC HL
LD D,(HL)
LD HL,128 ; offset from start of WSPC area (img file)
ADD HL,BC
LD BC,128 ; bytes to copy
LDIR
; boot new system
LD SP,80H ; set stack pointer to default
XOR A ; nullify A
; ..and fall through, initiating a cold boot
;::::: SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
; call B/P Bios function (at new base addr in RAM)
; in: A= offset to JP (fn # *3)
BIOSFN: LD HL,(BIOUADR) ; get (new) B/P Bios base addr
LD L,A ; adjust to JP of fn #
; ..and fall through
; "called" as a pseudo-routine that returns to caller
; in: HL= target addr
JUMPHL: JP (HL) ; jump to addr in HL regs
; load banked portions of (new) system from WSPC area to SYSBNK
; segment information is stored as consecutive 16-bit words
; in the order <size> <base addr> <start addr in WSPC>
; in: HL= ptr to <size>
; uses B/P Bios functions at new location (Unbanked portion)
LDBNKD: LD C,(HL) ; get <size> low byte
LD A,C
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
LD B,(HL) ; get <size> high byte
INC HL ; ptr fwd
OR B ; check if <size> is zero
RET Z ; ..if so, return
PUSH BC ; save regs
PUSH HL
LD HL,(BIOUADR) ; get (new) B/P Bios base addr
LD L,82H ; offset to TPABNK in config area
LD C,(HL) ; get value
INC HL ; move ptr to SYSBNK
LD B,(HL) ; get value
LD A,29*3 ; offset to B/P Bios fn #29 (XMOVE)
CALL BIOSFN
POP DE ; restore regs, DE now ptr to <base addr>
POP BC
LD HL,(BIOUADR) ; get (new) B/P Bios base addr
LD L,25*3 ; offset to B/P Bios fn #25 (MOVE)
PUSH HL ; put on stack, so it is called at return
; and let Bios routine return to initial caller
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
LD E,(HL) ; get <base addr> in DE
INC HL
LD D,(HL)
INC HL
LD A,(HL)
INC HL
LD H,(HL) ; get <start addr in WSPC> in HL
LD L,A
RET ; ..and call B/P Bios fn #25 (MOVE)
; to copy banked segment to SYSBNK
; get _two_ consecutive 16-bit words from offset addr in WSPC area
; in: DE= offset
; out: DE= first value (at addr)
; BC= second value (at addr+2)
; HL= ptr to high byte of second value in WSPC area
; uses BC, DE, HL
G2WRDWS: CALL G1WRDWS ; get first word in HL
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
LD C,(HL) ; get second word in BC
INC HL
LD B,(HL)
RET
; print base addr and size of system segment ton CON:
; in: DE= offset in WSPC area
PSEGAS: CALL G1WRDWS ; get 16-bit word (in HL) at offset (in DE)
CALL PHL4HC ; ..and print to CON: as hex digits
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
LD E,(HL) ; get next 16-bit word in DE
INC HL
LD D,(HL)
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' ('
DEFB 0
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
CALL PHL4HC ; print value (now in HL) to CON: as hex digits
CALL VPRINT
DEFB 'H Bytes)',CR,LF
DEFB 0
RET
; get _one_ 16-bit word from offset addr in WSPC area
; in: DE= offset
; out: HL= value
; DE= ptr to high byte in WSPC area
G1WRDWS: LD HL,(WSPCBEG) ; addr WSPC area
ADD HL,DE ; add offset
LD E,(HL) ; get low byte at ptr addr in E
INC HL
LD D,(HL) ; get high byte at ptr addr in D
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
RET
; get byte from offset addr in WSPC area
; in: DE= offset
; out: A= value, Z-Flag set if following byte is eqal
; HL= ptr to next byte in WSPC area
GBYTEWS: LD HL,(WSPCBEG) ; addr WSPC area
ADD HL,DE ; add offset
LD A,(HL) ; get byte
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
OR (HL) ; check if next byte has same value
RET
; check if img file contains a banked system
; in: -
; out: Z-Flag set for Unbanked Bios, NZ= Banked
CHKBNKD: LD HL,(WSPCBEG) ; addr WSPC area
INC H ; + 100H to account for file base
EX DE,HL ; swap regs, DE holds result over next calc's
LD BC,29 ; offset to ZCPR Unbanked size
CALL SEGTSIZ ; ..add ZCPR size(s) to DE
LD BC,61 ; offset to ZSDOS Unbanked size
CALL SEGTSIZ ; ..add ZSDOS size(s) to DE
LD HL,128 ; DE= offset to beginning of B/P Bios in
ADD HL,DE ; img file, move fwd by 128 more bytes
LD A,(HL) ; get B/P Bios options flag OPTF1 (at CONFIG+2)
AND 00000001b ; check bit 0, and set Z-Flag accordingly
RET
; get total size of a system segment (add Unbanked and Banked sizes)
; in: BC= offset in WSPC area to Unbanked size
; out: DE= sum of segment sizes
SEGTSIZ: LD HL,(WSPCBEG) ; addr WSPC area
ADD HL,BC ; add offset
LD C,(HL) ; get 16-bit word in BC
INC HL ; (Unbanked size)
LD B,(HL)
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
ADD HL,BC ; add retrieved value
EX DE,HL ; ..and swap regs back
INC HL ; move ptr 3 bytes fwd
INC HL
INC HL
LD C,(HL) ; get 16-bit value in BC
INC HL ; (Banked size)
LD B,(HL)
EX DE,HL ; swap regs
ADD HL,BC ; add retrieved value
EX DE,HL ; ..and swap regs back
RET
;::::: ERROR MESSAGES
E$AMBIG: CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,BEL,' --- Ambiguous File: '
DEFB 0
JR E$FNAME
E$OPEN: CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,BEL,' --- Error Opening: '
DEFB 0
E$FNAME: LD DE,CPMFCB+1 ; ptr to file name in standard FCB #1
CALL PFN3 ; print it
JP EXIT
;::::: HELP SCREEN
HELP: CALL VPRINT
DEFB CR,LF,1
DEFB 0
CALL PPRGNAM
CALL VPRINT
DEFB 2,' Loads and executes a System image prepared by',CR,LF
DEFB ' BPBUILD containing a B/P Bios.',CR,LF,LF
DEFB ' Syntax:',CR,LF
DEFB ' '
DEFB 0
CALL PPRGNAM
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' // - print this message',CR,LF
DEFB ' '
DEFB 0
CALL PPRGNAM
CALL VPRINT
DEFB ' [du|dir:]name[.typ] - load system image',CR,LF,LF
DEFB ' File Type Defaults to "'
DEFB 0
LD HL,FTYPE ; ptr to default file type
LD B,3 ; # of chars
HELP0: LD A,(HL) ; get char
INC HL ; move ptr fwd
CALL COUT ; display char on CON:
DJNZ HELP0 ; ..and loop
CALL VPRINT
DEFB '" if not explicitly entered',CR,LF,LF
DEFB 'NOTE: This utility will NOT load a system '
DEFB 'if the "Lock" bit in',CR,LF
DEFB 'the Option Byte (Bit 7 of CONFIG+2) is Set to "1"',CR,LF
DEFB 0
JP EXIT
; print program name on CON: device
; (either the actual name, or fallback to default)
; only used by HELP
PPRGNAM: LD A,(ENVADR+1) ; get high byte of ENVPTR
OR A ; check if valid (<> zero)
JP NZ,PRTNAME ; ..if so, display actual name
; and let return from there
CALL VPRINT ; else, display default
DEFB 'LDSYS'
DEFB 0
RET
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
; VLIB - 0x06db
; Z3LIB - 0x08fc
; SYSLIB - 0x0bcf
; end addr 0x0bf8 (begin DSEG)
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;::::: RAM STORAGE
DSEG
WSPCBEG: DEFW 0 ; begin of workspace
; (first available page, returned by CODEND)
; addresses of new system as extracted from img file
; first _Unbanked_, then _Banked_
BIOUADR: DEFW 0 ; B/P Bios Unbanked base addr
CCPUADR: DEFW 0 ; ZCPR Unbanked base addr
CCPUSTRT: DEFW 0 ; start in WSPC area
CCPUSIZ: DEFW 0 ; size
DOSUSTRT: DEFW 0 ; ZSDOS Unbanked start
DOSUSIZ: DEFW 0 ; size
BIOUSTRT: DEFW 0 ; B/P Bios Unbanked start
BIOUSIZ: DEFW 0 ; size
CCPBSIZ: DEFW 0 ; ZCPR Banked size
CCPBADR: DEFW 0 ; base addr
CCPBSTRT: DEFW 0 ; start
DOSBSIZ: DEFW 0 ; ZSDOS Banked size
DOSBADR: DEFW 0 ; base addr
DOSBSTRT: DEFW 0 ; start
BIOBSIZ: DEFW 0 ; B/P Bios Banked size
BIOBADR: DEFW 0 ; base addr
BIOBSTRT: DEFW 0 ; start
DEFW GZMTOP ; reference Z3LIB/SYSLIB routines, so they are linked
DEFW F$CLOSE
DEFW CRLF
DEFS 30H-6 ; room for stack
; -6 to account for above ref's
STACK: DEFW 0 ; stack storage location
END
;************************************************************************
; Remarks jxl:
; LDSYS.COM, included in available B/P Bios package(s), was dis-
; assembled and extensively commented. Labels are unique up to the seventh
; character to comply with M-REL standards. However, it is recommended to
; use SLR tools that support labels up to sixteen chars.
; In its current state, the compiled/linked file _almost_ matches the
; original LDSYS.COM with the exception of Z3LIB routine GZMTOP, and
; SYSLIB routines F$CLOSE and CRLF. Even though they are part of the
; original program, they are neither needed nor referenced. This seems
; to indicate that other versions of the LIB's were used. To reproduce
; the original program, the above mentioned routines are referenced (in
; stack area) to have them included when linking.
;
; As a byproduct of the disassembly, the structure of a B/P Bios image
; file was documented. This file contains an excerpt.
;************************************************************************