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@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ |
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<p><strong>RomWBW Applications Guide</strong> \ |
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Version 3.6 \ |
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MartinR \& Phillip Summers (<a href="mailto:"></a>) \ |
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22 Oct 2025</p> |
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29 Oct 2025</p> |
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<h1 id="summary">Summary</h1> |
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<p>RomWBW is supplied with a suite of software applications that enhance |
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the use of the system. Some of these applications have been written |
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@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ contents in hexadecimal.</p> |
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<h4 id="keyboard-echo">Keyboard Echo</h4> |
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<p><strong><code>K</code></strong> - Echo any key-presses from the terminal. Press ‘ESC’ key to |
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quit. This facility provides that any key stroke sent to the computer |
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will be echoed back to the terminal. File down loads will be echoed as |
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will be echoed back to the terminal. File downloads will be echoed as |
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well while this facility is ‘on’.</p> |
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<h4 id="load-hex">Load Hex</h4> |
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<p><strong><code>L</code></strong> - Load a Intel Hex data via the terminal program. The load |
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@ -647,8 +647,8 @@ operation and is the companion to the I operation. Use clip leaded LEDs |
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to confirm the data written.</p> |
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<h4 id="program-memory">Program Memory</h4> |
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<p><strong><code>P xxxx</code></strong> - Program memory location xxxx. This routine will allow you |
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to program a hexadecimal value ‘into memory starting at location xxxx. |
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Press ’Enter’ on a blank line to return to the Monitor prompt.</p> |
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to program a hexadecimal value into memory starting at location xxxx. |
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Press ‘Enter’ on a blank line to return to the Monitor prompt.</p> |
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<p>The limitation around programming memory is that it must be entered in |
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hexadecimal. An alternative is to use the L command to load a program |
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that has been assembled to a hex file on the remote computer.</p> |
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@ -739,14 +739,13 @@ directory.</p> |
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<h2 id="tastybasic">TastyBASIC</h2> |
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<p>TastyBASIC offers a minimal implementation of BASIC that is only 2304 |
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bytes in size. It originates from Li-Chen Wang’s Palo Alto Tiny BASIC |
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from around 1976. It’s small size is suited the tiny memory capacities |
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of the time. This implementation is by Dimitri Theulings and his |
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original source can be found at |
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<a href="https://github.com/dimitrit/tastybasic">https://github.com/dimitrit/tastybasic</a>.</p> |
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from around 1976. It’s small size suited the tiny memory capacities of |
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the time. This implementation is by Dimitri Theulings and his original |
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source can be found at <a href="https://github.com/dimitrit/tastybasic">https://github.com/dimitrit/tastybasic</a>.</p> |
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<h3 id="features-limitations">Features / Limitations</h3> |
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<ul> |
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<li>Integer arithmetic, numbers -32767 to 32767</li> |
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<li>Singles letter variables A-Z</li> |
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<li>Single letter variables A-Z</li> |
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<li>1-dimensional array support</li> |
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<li>Strings are not supported</li> |
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</ul> |
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@ -1034,10 +1033,10 @@ identify which character-input/output device is to be used as the serial |
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device for transfer.</p> |
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<p>When your console is the serial device used for the transfer, no |
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progress information is displayed as this would disrupt the x-modem file |
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transfer. If you use an alternate character-input/output devices as the |
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transfer. If you use an alternate character-input/output device as the |
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serial device for the transfer then progress information will be |
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displayed on the console device.</p> |
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<p>Due to different platform processor speeds, serials speeds and flow |
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<p>Due to different platform processor speeds, serial speeds and flow |
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control capabilities the default console or serial device speed may need |
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to be reduced for a successful transfer and flash to occur. The <strong>Set |
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Console Interface/Baud code</strong> option at the Boot Loader can be used to |
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@ -1060,12 +1059,12 @@ that progress information can be displayed during the transfer.</p> |
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<p>Option ( \< ) - Revert to Original Baud Rate</p> |
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<h3 id="programming-options">Programming options</h3> |
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<p>Option ( U ) - Begin Update</p> |
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<p>The will begin the update process. The updater will expect to start |
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<p>This will begin the update process. The updater will expect to start |
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receiving an x-modem file on the serial device unit.</p> |
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<p>X-modem sends the file in packets of 128 bytes. The updater will cache |
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32 packets which is 1 flash sector and then write that sector to the |
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flash device.</p> |
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<p>If using separate console, bank and sector progress information will |
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<p>If using separate console, bank and sector progress information will be |
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shown</p> |
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<pre><code>BANK 00 s00 s01 s02 s03 s04 s05 s06 s06 s07 |
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BANK 01 s00 s01 s02 s03 s04 s05 s06 s06 s07 |
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@ -1105,7 +1104,7 @@ ROM. Option ( 3 ) - Calculate and display CRC32 of a 1024k (2x512Kb) |
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ROM.</p> |
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<p>Can be used to verify if a ROM image has been transferred and flashed |
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correctly. Refer to the Tera Term section below for details on |
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configuring the automatic display of a files CRC after it has been |
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configuring the automatic display of a file’s CRC after it has been |
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transferred.</p> |
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<p>In Windows, right clicking on a file should also give you a context menu |
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option CRC SHA which will allow you to select a CRC32 calculation to be |
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@ -1120,7 +1119,7 @@ be worthwhile if you are:</p> |
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<li>Doing development on RomWBW drivers</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p>Macros can be used to automate sending ROM updates or images and for my |
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own purposed I have set up a separate macro for transferring each of the |
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own purpose I have set up a separate macro for transferring each of the |
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standard build ROM, my own custom configuration ROM and update ROM.</p> |
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<p>An example macro file to send an *.upd file, using checksum mode and |
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display the crc32 value of the transmitted file:</p> |
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@ -1217,13 +1216,17 @@ following guidelines.</p> |
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table if desired. Feedback to the RomWBW developers on these guidelines |
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would be appreciated.</p> |
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<h3 id="notes">Notes</h3> |
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<p>Notes * All testing was done with Tera Term x-modem, Forcing checksum |
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mode using macros was found to give the most reliable transfer. * |
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Partial writes can be completed with 39SF040 chips. Other chips<br /> |
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require entire flash to be erased before being written. * An SBC V2-005 |
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MegaFlash or Z80 MBC required for 1mb flash support. The Updater assumes |
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both chips are same type * Failure handling has not been tested. * |
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Timing broadly calibrated on a Z80 SBC-v2 * Unabios not supported</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>All testing was done with Tera Term x-modem, Forcing checksum mode |
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using macros was found to give the most reliable transfer.</li> |
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<li>Partial writes can be completed with 39SF040 chips. Other chips<br /> |
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require entire flash to be erased before being written.</li> |
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<li>An SBC V2-005 MegaFlash or Z80 MBC required for 1mb flash support. The |
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Updater assumes both chips are same type</li> |
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<li>Failure handling has not been tested.</li> |
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<li>Timing broadly calibrated on a Z80 SBC-v2</li> |
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<li>Unabios not supported</li> |
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</ul> |
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<h2 id="user-application">User Application</h2> |
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<p>RomWBW provides the facility for a user to build, include and execute |
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their own custom application directly from the applications menu at |
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@ -1252,7 +1255,7 @@ from the templated code.</p> |
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<p>If required, the user application may make use of the Z80 interrupt |
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system but if the user application wishes to rely on HBIOS functionality |
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then it must adhere to the HBIOS framework for managing interupts. |
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Alternatively, if the user appliction has no need for the HBIOS then it |
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Alternatively, if the user application has no need for the HBIOS then it |
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may use its own custom code for handling interrupts. In that case, a |
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hard reset, rather than an HBIOS warm start, would be necessary to |
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return control to RomWBW.</p> |
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@ -1447,12 +1450,12 @@ all contain essentially the same set of applications.</p> |
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<p>For systems starting CP/M from a disk created from an image file, there |
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are a small number of additional applications stored in the <code>USER 2</code> |
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area of the disk. These applications do not form part of CP/M, but |
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rather are small utilities used for test purposes during develpment |
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work. They may, or may not, fuction correctly with any given hardware or |
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software configuration. Documentation for these untilities is very |
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limited, though the source files maybe found in the /Source folder. Note |
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that these utiltites are not available when starting CP/M from the ROM |
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image or from a floppy disk.</p> |
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rather are small utilities used for test purposes during development |
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work. They may, or may not, function correctly with any given hardware |
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or software configuration. Documentation for these utilities is very |
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limited, though the source files may be found in the /Source folder. |
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Note that these utiltites are not available when starting CP/M from the |
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ROM image or from a floppy disk.</p> |
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<p>A number of the CP/M applications available are described in more detail |
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in the following sections, each with an indication as to whether that |
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application may be found on the ROM-disk, a boot-disk, or both.</p> |
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@ -1825,21 +1828,20 @@ reboot of the system.</p> |
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<p>The functionality is highly dependent on the capabilities of your |
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system.</p> |
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<h4 id="syntax_3">Syntax</h4> |
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<p><code>CPUSPD [</code><em><code><speed></code></em><code>[,[</code><em><code><memws></code></em><code>][,[</code><em><code><iows></code></em><code>]]]</code><br /> |
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<p><code>CPUSPD [</code><em>\<speed></em><code>[,[</code><em>\<memws></em><code>][,[</code><em>\<iows></em><code>]]]</code><br /> |
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<code>CPUSPD (W)armBoot</code><br /> |
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<code>CPUSPD (C)oldBoot</code></p> |
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<p><em><code><speed></code></em> is one of (H)alf, (F)ull, (D)ouble, or (Q)uad. <em><code><memws></code></em> |
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is a number specifying the desired memory wait states. <em><code><iows></code></em> is a |
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number specifying the desired I/O wait states.</p> |
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<p><em>\<speed></em> is one of (H)alf, (F)ull, (D)ouble, or (Q)uad.</p> |
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<p><em>\<memws></em> is a number specifying the desired memory wait states.</p> |
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<p><em>\<iows></em> is a number specifying the desired I/O wait states.</p> |
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<h4 id="usage_4">Usage</h4> |
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<p>Entering <code>CPUSPD</code> with no parameters will display the current CPU speed |
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and wait state information of the running system. Wait state information |
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is not available for all systems.</p> |
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<p>To modify the running speed of a system, you can specify the |
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<code>*</code><speed><code>*</code> parameter. To modify either or both of the wait states, |
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you can enter the desired number. Either or both of the wait state |
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parameters may be omitted and the current wait state settings will |
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remain in effect.</p> |
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<p>To modify the running speed of a system, you can specify the <em>\<speed></em> |
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parameter. To modify either or both of the wait states, you can enter |
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the desired number. Either or both of the wait state parameters may be |
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omitted and the current wait state settings will remain in effect.</p> |
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<h4 id="notes_4">Notes</h4> |
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<p>The ability to modify the running speed and wait states of a system |
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varies widely depending on the hardware capabilities and the HBIOS |
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@ -1914,18 +1916,18 @@ not operate correctly on non-RomWBW systems.</p> |
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</table> |
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<p>The purpose of this utility is to allow the copying of whole disk slices |
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from one disk slice to another slice</p> |
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<p>This tool is only supported by RomWBW HBIOS, it uses HBIOS for all its |
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<p>This tool is only supported by RomWBW HBIOS; it uses HBIOS for all its |
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disk IO. UNA UBIOS is not supported by this tool.</p> |
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<p>This tool is running on CP/M 2.2 or 3.0 and has access to full 64kb of |
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RAM, with a minimum of 48kb TPA</p> |
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<p>This tool only works with hard disk devices, other media types like |
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<p>This tool only works with hard disk devices; other media types like |
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floppy, are not supported at this time. This tool works across different |
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hard disk device types, even of different physical type</p> |
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<p>Both hd1k and hd512 are fully supported, however copying from one layout |
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type to the other is not supported.</p> |
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<p>During operation data is copied in a single read/write pass, data is not |
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verified by default. If there is a write error, it will be reported, and |
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operation will stop.</p> |
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<p>During operation, data is copied in a single read/write pass; data is |
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not verified by default. If there is a write error, it will be reported, |
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and operation will stop.</p> |
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<h4 id="syntax_4">Syntax</h4> |
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<p>This tool operates at the disk level via RomWBW, thus all disk |
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identifiers are in the RomWBW \<disk>.\<unit> format.</p> |
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@ -1941,7 +1943,7 @@ unattended mode, so you will not be asked to confirm the copy operation.</p> |
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U - Unattended. Will complete copy without confirmation from the user.<br /> |
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V - Verify. Does an additional read and verify after write.</p> |
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<h4 id="usage_5">Usage</h4> |
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<p>When run COPYSL will perform command line argument validation and |
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<p>When run, COPYSL will perform command line argument validation and |
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display an error if they are illegal. Also any disk IO errors will cause |
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COPYSL to exit.</p> |
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<p>When specifying slice number(s) a check is made that the slice number is |
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@ -2203,7 +2205,7 @@ in the RomWBW distribution.</p> |
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</tbody> |
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</table> |
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<p>Most of the hardware platforms that run RomWBW support the use of |
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EEPROMs – Electronically Erasable Programmable ROMs. The <code>FLASH</code> |
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EEPROMs – Electrically Erasable Programmable ROMs. The <code>FLASH</code> |
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application can be used to reprogram such ROMS in-situ (in-place), thus |
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making it possible to upgrade ROMs without a programmer or even removing |
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the ROM from your system.</p> |
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@ -2228,7 +2230,7 @@ file<br /> |
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<code>/N8VEMSBC</code>: Force N8VEM SBC (v1, v2), Zeta (v1) SBC bank switching</p> |
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<h4 id="usage_9">Usage</h4> |
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<p>To program your EEPROM ROM chip, first transfer the file to your RomWBW |
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system. Then use the command <code>FLASH WRITE *</code><filename>`*. The |
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system. Then use the command <code>FLASH WRITE</code><em>\<filename></em>. The |
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application will auto-detect the type of EEPROM chip you have, program |
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it, and verify it.</p> |
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<p>You can use the <code>FLASH READ</code> form of the command to read the ROM image |
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@ -2546,7 +2548,7 @@ support most of the hardware variations included with RomWBW.</p> |
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</tbody> |
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</table> |
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<p>Display or change the label of a disk slice.</p> |
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<p>The label applied is only used as informational purposes, displayed by |
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<p>The label applied is only used for informational purposes, displayed by |
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RomWBW when an OS is booted. It has no correlation with any OS volume |
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label scheme that may exist. i.e. It does not affect the CP/M 3 disk |
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label as applied by the <code>SET</code> command</p> |
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@ -2569,7 +2571,7 @@ means only bootable media.</p> |
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<p>This will only display labels for the first 64 slices of any device. |
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Slices higher than this are currently ignored.</p> |
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<p>Only bootable RomWBW disk images have a label, which is defined by the |
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OS which is booted. i.e. NZ-COM has a label of “ZSDOS 1.1” since that is |
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OS that is booted. i.e. NZ-COM has a label of “ZSDOS 1.1” since that is |
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the booted OS. Prior to RomWBW 3.5 all disk images were defined with the |
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label “Unlabeled”.</p> |
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<h4 id="etymology_13">Etymology</h4> |
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@ -2642,7 +2644,7 @@ may fail to discover ports that are ‘write-only’.</p> |
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</tbody> |
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</table> |
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<p>System Configuration (<code>SYSCONF</code>) is a utility that allows system |
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configuration to be set, dynamically and stored in NVRAM provided by an |
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configuration to be set dynamically and stored in NVRAM provided by an |
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RTC chip.</p> |
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<p>(<code>SYSCONF</code>) is both a ROM utility (‘W’ Menu option), and a CP/M |
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application. Noting however the CP/M application is not included on an |
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@ -2672,8 +2674,6 @@ Commands: |
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(R)eset - Init NVRAM to Defaults |
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(H)elp [{SW}] - This help menu, or help on a switch |
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e(X)it - Exit Configuration |
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$ |
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</code></pre> |
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<p>When you run (<code>SYSCONF</code>) for the first time the NVRAM will be |
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uninitialised, and can be initialised using the (R)eset command, which |
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@ -2688,7 +2688,7 @@ itself.</p> |
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will just report the missing hardware and exit immediately.</p> |
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<p>To exit from the application use the (Q)uit command.</p> |
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<h4 id="commands-and-syntax">Commands and Syntax</h4> |
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<p>The following are the accepted commands, unless otherwise specified a |
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<p>The following are the accepted commands, unless otherwise specified. A |
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“Space” character is used to delimit parameters in the command.</p> |
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<table> |
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<thead> |
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@ -2769,7 +2769,7 @@ this replaces the (<code>AUTO_CMD</code>) variable defined in build configuratio |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<td>Timout</td> |
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<td>Timeout</td> |
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<td>Timeout in seconds in the range 0-15, 0 = immediate</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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@ -2920,7 +2920,7 @@ that ZPM3 is in the file called CPM3.SYS, but it is normal for ZPM3.</p> |
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considered its own operating system. Each slice can be made bootable |
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with its own system tracks.</p> |
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<p><code>SYSCOPY</code> uses drive letters to specify where to read/write the system |
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boot images. However, at startup, the boot loaded will require you to |
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boot images. However, at startup, the boot(?) loaded will require you to |
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enter the actual disk device and slice to boot from. So, you need to be |
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careful to pay attention to the device and slice that is assigned to a |
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drive letter so you will know what to enter at the boot loader prompt. |
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@ -2930,13 +2930,13 @@ because the operating system is not loaded yet.</p> |
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currently assigned to a drive letter, you will need to assign a drive |
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letter first.</p> |
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<p>Not all disk formats include space for system tracks. Such disk formats |
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cannot contains a system boot image and, therefore, cannot be made |
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cannot contain a system boot image and, therefore, cannot be made |
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bootable. The best example of such disk formats are the ROM and RAM |
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disks. To maximize usable file space on these drives, they do not have |
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system tracks. Obviously, ROM operating system is supported by choosing |
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a ROM operating system at the boot loader prompt. Any attempt to write a |
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system boot image to disk media with no system tracks will cause SYSCOPY |
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to fail with an error message.</p> |
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system tracks. Obviously, the ROM operating system is supported by |
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choosing a ROM operating system at the boot loader prompt. Any attempt |
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to write a system boot image to disk media with no system tracks will |
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cause SYSCOPY to fail with an error message.</p> |
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<p>The system boot images are paired with the ROM version in your system. |
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So, you must take care to update the system tracks of any bootable disk |
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when you upgrade your ROM firmware.</p> |
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@ -3047,7 +3047,8 @@ displays the value of the counter.</p> |
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<code>TIMER /Z</code></p> |
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<h4 id="usage_20">Usage</h4> |
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<p>Use <code>TIMER</code> to display the current value of the counter.</p> |
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<p>Use <code>TIMER /C</code> to display the value of the counter continuously.</p> |
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<p>Use <code>TIMER /C</code> to display the value of the counter continuously. Press |
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any key to exit.</p> |
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<p>Use <code>TIMER /Z</code> to zero the seconds counter.</p> |
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<p>The display of the counter will be something like this:</p> |
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<p><code>2859 Ticks 24.18 Seconds 0:00:24.18 HH:MM:SS</code></p> |
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@ -3063,7 +3064,8 @@ which is typically 50Hz. This means that the seconds fraction will |
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increment 0.02 seconds with each timer tick.</p> |
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<p>The primary use of the <code>TIMER</code> application is to test the system timer |
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functionality of your system. However, it can be used to capture the |
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value before and after some process you want to measure elapsed runtime.</p> |
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value before and after some process you want to measure the elapsed |
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runtime of.</p> |
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<h4 id="etymology_18">Etymology</h4> |
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<p>The <code>TIMER</code> command is an original product and the source code is |
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provided in the RomWBW distribution.</p> |
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@ -3089,7 +3091,7 @@ provided in the RomWBW distribution.</p> |
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<p>If your RomWBW system has a sound card based on either an AY-3-8190 or |
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YM2149F sound chip, you can use the <code>TUNE</code> application to play PT or MYM |
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sound files.</p> |
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<p>Note: TUNE will detect an AY-3-8910/YM2149 Sound Module re-gardless of |
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<p>Note: TUNE will detect an AY-3-8910/YM2149 Sound Module regardless of |
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whether support for it is included in the RomWBW HBIOS configuration</p> |
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<h4 id="syntax_20">Syntax</h4> |
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<p><code>TUNE</code><em><code><filename></code></em> <code>*</code><options><code>*</code></p> |
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@ -3433,10 +3435,13 @@ files between systems using a serial port.</p> |
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<code>XM L</code><em><code><library> <filename></code></em><br /> |
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<code>XM LK</code><em><code><library> <filename></code></em><br /> |
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<code>XM R</code><em><code><filename></code></em></p> |
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<p>The following may be added to the action codes: | <code>S</code>: Send a file | |
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<code>L</code>: Send a file from a library | <code>R</code>: Receive a file | <code>K</code>: Use 1K |
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blocksize (send operations) | <code>C</code>: Force use of checksum (receive |
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operations) | <code>X</code>: Force 128-byte protocol (receive operations) | |
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<p>The following may be added to the action codes:</p> |
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<p><code>S</code>: Send a file<br /> |
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<code>L</code>: Send a file from a library<br /> |
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<code>R</code>: Receive a file<br /> |
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<code>K</code>: Use 1K blocksize (send operations)<br /> |
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<code>C</code>: Force use of checksum (receive operations)<br /> |
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<code>X</code>: Force 128-byte protocol (receive operations)<br /> |
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<code>0</code>-<code>9</code>: Specifies HBIOS character unit for transfers</p> |
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<p><em><code><filename></code></em> is the name of a file to send or receive</p> |
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<p><em><code><library></code></em> is the name of a library (.lbr) to extract a file to send</p> |
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@ -3465,7 +3470,7 @@ the following:</p> |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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<p>On your host computer, specify the name to assign to the received |
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file and initiate and XModem receive operation.</p> |
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file and initiate an XModem receive operation.</p> |
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</li> |
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</ol> |
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<p>Please refer to the documentation of your host computer’s terminal |
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@ -3541,7 +3546,7 @@ the following:</p> |
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<li> |
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<p>Enter one of the <code>ZMD</code> receive commands specifying the name you want |
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to give to the received file (no filename required for ZModem |
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transfers).</p> |
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transfers).[“ZMD does not do ZModem transfers”]</p> |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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<p>On your host computer select a file to send and initiate an XModem |
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wwarthen
3 months ago