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@ -1117,100 +1117,6 @@ starting the operating system. Even better, you can use an auto-submit |
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batch file to customzie the assignments at startup without any user |
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intervention. |
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## Disk Operations/Commands |
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With some understanding of how RomWBW presents disk space to the |
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operating systems, we need to go over the options for actually setting |
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up your disk(s) with content. |
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### Preparing Media for First Use |
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You can initialize the media in-place using your RomWBW system. |
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Essentially, this means you are creating a set of blank directories on |
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your disk so that files can be saved there. |
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This is somewhat analogous to partitioning of a hard disk |
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or doing a low level format of a floppy disk. |
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Initilizing a Floppy disk is covered in the section [Floppy Disk Formatting], |
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or for a Hard disk the section [Hard Disk Preparation] covers the steps to |
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manually setup a hard disk for first use. |
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### Clearing (Formatting) Drives |
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This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems. |
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With RomWBW you use the `CLRDIR` command to do this. |
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This command is merely "clearing out" the directory space of the drive |
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referred to by a drive letter and setting up the new empty directory. |
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Refer to $doc_apps$ for more information on use of the `CLRDIR` command. |
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Since `CLRDIR` works on drive letters, make |
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absolutely sure you know what media and slice are assigned to that |
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drive letter before using `CLRDIR` because `CLRDIR` will wipe out any |
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pre-existing contents of the slice. |
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After `CLRDIR` completes, the slice should be ready to use by the operating |
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system via the drive letter assigned. |
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Start by using the `DIR` command on the drive. |
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This should return without error, but list no files. |
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Here is an example of using `CLRDIR`. In this example, the `ASSIGN` |
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command is used to show the current drive letter assignments. Then |
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the `CLRDIR` command is used to initialize the directory of drive 'G' |
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which is slice 2 of hard disk device IDE0 ("IDE0:2"). |
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``` |
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B>ASSIGN |
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A:=MD0:0 |
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B:=MD1:0 |
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C:=FD0:0 |
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D:=FD1:0 |
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E:=IDE0:0 |
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F:=IDE0:1 |
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G:=IDE0:2 |
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H:=IDE0:3 |
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B>CLDIR G: |
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CLRDIR Version 1.2B May 2024 by Max Scane |
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Warning - this utility will overwrite the directory sectors of Drive: G |
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Type CAPITAL Y to proceed, any key other key to exit. Y |
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Directory cleared. |
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B> |
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``` |
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### Checking Disk Layout |
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If you are not sure which disk layout is used for your existing |
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media, you can use the CP/M 2.2 `STAT` command to display information |
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including the number of "32 Byte Directory Entries" |
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for a drive letter on the corresponding hard disk. |
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- If it indicates 512, your disk layout is Classic (hd512). |
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- If it indicates 1024, your disk layout is Modern (hd1k). |
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Here is an example of checking the disk layout. |
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``` |
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B>STAT E:DSK: |
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E: Drive Characteristics |
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65408: 128 Byte Record Capacity |
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8176: Kilobyte Drive Capacity |
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1024: 32 Byte Directory Entries |
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0: Checked Directory Entries |
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256: Records/ Extent |
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32: Records/ Block |
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64: Sectors/ Track |
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2: Reserved Tracks |
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``` |
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It is critical that you include `DSK:` after the drive letter in the |
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`STAT` command line. The important line to look at is labeled "32 Byte |
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Directory Entries". |
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# Disk Types |
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## RAM & ROM Disks |
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@ -1501,6 +1407,8 @@ There are two approaches to preparing disks for use by RomWBW. |
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This section of the document describes the manual process of preparing |
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empty disks that are ready for use by an operating system. |
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This is somewhat analogous to partitioning and formatting of a hard disk |
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or doing a low level format of a floppy disk. |
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Alternatively, you can use the pre-built RomWBW disk images to quickly |
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create disk media that already has a large selection of files and |
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@ -1728,12 +1636,7 @@ You need to initialize each slice for CP/M to use it. |
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This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems, |
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and is done using the `CLRDIR` command. |
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This is covered in the section [Clearing (Formatting) Drives] |
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**WARNING**: Earlier versions of the `CLRDIR` application do not |
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appear to check for disk errors when it runs. If you attempt to run |
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`CLRDIR` on a drive that is mapped to a slice that does not actually fit |
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on the physical disk, it may behave erratically. |
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This is covered in the next section [Clearing (Formatting) Drives] |
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Assuming you want to use additional slices, you should initialize them |
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using the same process. You may need to reassign drive letters to |
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@ -1742,11 +1645,57 @@ You can use the `ASSIGN` command to handle this. |
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## Post Disk Preparation |
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Once a disk (either floppy or hard disk) has been initialised and |
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formattted you may optionally; |
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Once a disk has been initialised you may need to do one or more of the following; |
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* Clear (Format) the drive |
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* Make the disk bootable |
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* Copy system (or other) files to the disk |
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|
### Clearing (Formatting) Drives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With RomWBW you use the `CLRDIR` command to do this. |
|
|
|
This command is merely "clearing out" the directory space of the drive |
|
|
|
referred to by a drive letter and setting up the new empty directory. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refer to $doc_apps$ for more information on use of the `CLRDIR` command. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since `CLRDIR` works on drive letters, make |
|
|
|
absolutely sure you know what media and slice are assigned to that |
|
|
|
drive letter before using `CLRDIR` because `CLRDIR` will wipe out any |
|
|
|
pre-existing contents of the slice. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After `CLRDIR` completes, the drive should be ready to use by the operating |
|
|
|
system via the drive letter assigned. |
|
|
|
Start by using the `DIR` command on the drive. |
|
|
|
This should return without error, but list no files. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of using `CLRDIR`. In this example, the `ASSIGN` |
|
|
|
command is used to show the current drive letter assignments. Then |
|
|
|
the `CLRDIR` command is used to initialize the directory of drive 'G' |
|
|
|
which is slice 2 of hard disk device IDE0 ("IDE0:2"). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
B>ASSIGN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A:=MD0:0 |
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|
B:=MD1:0 |
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|
C:=FD0:0 |
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D:=FD1:0 |
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E:=IDE0:0 |
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F:=IDE0:1 |
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G:=IDE0:2 |
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H:=IDE0:3 |
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|
B>CLDIR G: |
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|
CLRDIR Version 1.2B May 2024 by Max Scane |
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|
|
|
|
Warning - this utility will overwrite the directory sectors of Drive: G |
|
|
|
Type CAPITAL Y to proceed, any key other key to exit. Y |
|
|
|
Directory cleared. |
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|
|
B> |
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|
|
``` |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
### Making a Disk Bootable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To make a disk bootable you will need to follow the specific instructions |
|
|
|
@ -1777,6 +1726,38 @@ system and application files to your disks. |
|
|
|
Refer to [Transferring Files] for more information on getting |
|
|
|
files onto your disks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Checking Disk Layout |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you are not sure which disk layout is used for your existing |
|
|
|
media, you can use the CP/M 2.2 `STAT` command to display information |
|
|
|
including the number of "32 Byte Directory Entries" |
|
|
|
for a drive letter on the corresponding hard disk. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: For CP/M 3 the command is `SHOW [DRIVE]` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- If it indicates 512, your disk layout is Classic (hd512). |
|
|
|
- If it indicates 1024, your disk layout is Modern (hd1k). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of checking the disk layout. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
B>STAT E:DSK: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E: Drive Characteristics |
|
|
|
65408: 128 Byte Record Capacity |
|
|
|
8176: Kilobyte Drive Capacity |
|
|
|
1024: 32 Byte Directory Entries |
|
|
|
0: Checked Directory Entries |
|
|
|
256: Records/ Extent |
|
|
|
32: Records/ Block |
|
|
|
64: Sectors/ Track |
|
|
|
2: Reserved Tracks |
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is critical that you include `DSK:` after the drive letter in the |
|
|
|
`STAT` command line. The important line to look at is labeled "32 Byte |
|
|
|
Directory Entries". |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Disk Images |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since it would be quite a bit of work to transfer over all the files you |
|
|
|
|